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Context. The molecular gas in protoplanetary disks can be traced with single-dish instruments in low J rotational lines of CO, in systems clear of coincident extended emission. Other rotational lines of CO also sample the gas-phase CO reservoir, albeit with different biases; CO(6−5) traces warmer molecular gas. A rarefied atomic gas could be traced in [C i](2−1), but no C i detections in disks exist.
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Casassus et al. (2013) studied this question.
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