Sex and Age Difference in Risk Factor Distribution, Trend, and Long-Term Outcome of Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background Preoperative coronary artery disease risk factors (CADRFs) distribution and pattern may also have an important role in determining major adverse cardiovascular (MACEs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CADRFs distribution and trend over 10 years and also the long-term outcome of CABG in different age-sex categories. Method: In this registry-based serial cross-sectional study, we enrolled 24328 patients who underwent isolated CABG and evaluated the prevalence of CADRFs according to sex and age. We also used the Kaplan-Meyer method for long-term outcomes in different age-sex categories’ survival plots. Results In general, DLP (56.00%), HTN (53.10%), DM (38.40%), and positive family history (38.30%) were the most frequent risk factors in all patients. Prevalence of HTN, DLP, DM, Obesity and positive family history were all higher in women, all statistically significant. The median follow-up duration was 78.1 months (76.31 to 79.87 months). Men under 50 had the best survival (93.6%) and least incident of MACE (20.8%). Worst survival observed in female patients older than 55 (83.4%) who also had the highest incident of MACE (30.6%) Conclusion Although DLP is still the most frequent CADRF among the CABG population, the level of LDL and TG is decreasing. Female patients have more risk factors and worse long-term outcomes (in terms of mortality and MACE incidence) Therefore, health care providers and legislators must pay greater attention to female population CADRFs and ways to prevent them at different levels.