Basal cell carcinomas: molecular abnormalities and molecularly targeted therapies

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common neoplasms in the Caucasian population. Molecular investigations in basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) have identified the hedgehog signaling pathway as being affected by various mutations. Mutations in sporadic BCC also affect the hedgehog signaling pathway, especially the Ptch1 molecule. There is significant evidence from mouse models for BCC carcinogenesis and early clinical trials that the hedgehog signaling pathway is essential to promote BCC initiation and persistence, and therefore is a perfect target for molecular interventions.