Recent Trends and Strategies for Targeting M – Cells via Oral Vaccine against Hepatitis B: A Review

The presence of a mucus layer that covers the surface of a variety of organs has been capitalized to develop mucoadhesive dosage forms that remain in the administration site for more prolonged times, increasing the local and systemic bioavailability of the administered vaccine. The emergence of micro and nanotechnologies together with the implementation of non-invasive and painless administration routes has revolutionized the pharmaceutical market and the treatment of disease.