This paper reviews the economics content of Xenophon's various writings--both known and hitherto unnoticed. One of his known contributions, his detailed discussion of the concept of the division of labor, is diminished by the conventional, but puzzling, attribution of its discovery to Adam Smith. His unnoticed discussions of share contracts and the allocative efficiency of the price system are individually interesting enough. These and other known and unknown contributions should earn him a place in the history of economic thought that is more prominent than that accorded to him by J. A. Schumpeter.
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L. N. Christofides (1992) studied this question.
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