Manganese oxihydroxide behaviour has been studied under heat treatment to understand the transformation mechanisms and subsequently to gain insights into the preparation procedures of black painting materials during the Palaeolithic period. These manganese oxihydroxides have been studied as a function of heat treatment by TEM, XRD, DTA and FTIR and XANES (Mn K-edge) spectroscopies. These materials have been used as black pigments during the Palaeolithic period to realise rock art paintings such as in Lascaux (Dordogne, France) and Gargas (Midi-Pyrénées, France). Specific morphological, chemical and structural criteria were determined to distinguish between natural and heat-treated pigments.
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Chalmin et al. (2008) studied this question.
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