An integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-BWM method to analyse critical factors for sustainable vaccine supply chain in low-middle income nations

A sustainable vaccine supply chain is essential to healthcare in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Gaining insight into the various factors that impact the sustainability of VSCs in these areas is crucial for formulating efficient approaches to enhance supply chain performance and sustainability. Traditional supply chain models frequently do not address the particular difficulties in these areas. This study uses an integrated fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and best-worst method (BWM) to identify the critical factors. The study indicated that environmental perspectives followed by economic and social are critical perspectives that are essential for VSC to be sustainable, whereas cold chain management, wastage reduction, and health policy regulations are the key factors in a successful VSC. This study enhances the theoretical knowledge of sustainable VSC in LMICs by thoroughly examining the factors contributing to sustainability. It provides a strong structure for policymakers and practitioners to prioritise initiatives adequately.