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The ion temperature gradient driven ballooning mode is investigated using two-fluid, gyrofluid, and gyrokinetic descriptions. The linear eigenmode equation is solved numerically in a model equilibrium with shifted circular magnetic surfaces. The localization of the eigenmodes, which persist in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) second stability region, and the mode structure, are displayed. The role of finite-Larmor radius (FLR) and magnetic drift resonance effects on the growth rate are elucidated. Negative magnetic shear is found to have a stabilizing effect on the mode.
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Nordman et al. (1995) studied this question.
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