In the 1980s, the concept of sustainable economic development emerged to try to deal with the complex and pervasive aspects of the environmental problem. However, an ecological perspective of sustainability requires taking a holistic approach that uses the ecosphere as a frame of reference. This paper describes the anthroposystem model that philosophically views the notion of sustainability in terms of a human-ecological system functioning within the ecosphere with some considerations on its implications.
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Santos et al. (2005) studied this question.
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