This paper describes a generalized distributed simulation framework that has been developed at the University of Toronto. The proposed framework is characterized by the ability to integrate diverse numerical integration and substructure modules and experimental specimens. This feature is enabled by a standardized data-exchange format and a communication protocol through which any potential integration or substructure modules can communicate with each other. The data-exchange format is designed with the information required for various simulation purposes such as real-time simulation, hybrid simulation with thermal load, etc. Current development of the simulation framework is presented through several application examples, which are rarely seen from previous simulations.
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Huang et al. (2018) studied this question.
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