The black-shirt resistance: Clandestine fascism in Italy, 1943-50

The articles deals with the reaction of some fascists to the fall of fascism in Italy after July 1943, specifically with clandestine fascism. This represents a fascinating study because it allows us to comprehend the real psychological profile of post‐war Italian neo‐fascists and their vision of the world, as well as the subsequent political development of neo‐fascism. It also represented the first ‘training camp’ for the black‐shirt terrorism of the late 1960s, 1970s, and the early 1980s. The clandestine status of the militants involved is based on two facts. Firstly, this was the actual legal position of many members who were wanted by the police for their significant involvement in the past regime. Secondly, it was difficult after the war to promote a political belief referring to the fascist doctrine because of the Italian constitution, which explicitly forbids the promotion of fascism