Epidemiology and public health challenges of echinococcosis in the Republic of Moldova

Objective : This study aims to analyze the current epidemiological trends of echinococcosis in the Republic of Moldova and evaluate the effectiveness of existing surveillance and control measures. Methods : The research is a descriptive observational epidemiological study that involved several steps, which allowed for achieving the initial goal – analyzing the morbidity of echinococcosis globally and in the Republic of Moldova from 2011 to 2024. The steps of the research include: studying the bibliographic literature on the proposed topic and mastering the research methods; collecting data on echinococcosis globally and in the Republic of Moldova; analyzing the obtained data on echinococcosis; establishing effective control and prevention measures. Results : Between 2011 and 2024, 985 cases of echinococcosis were reported, with a peak incidence in 2012–2013 and a decline until 2020. However, cases increased again from 2022. The disease predominantly affected adults (51–60 years) and was more prevalent in females (53% of cases). Hepatic involvement was the most common localization (79.4%). The southern regions exhibited the highest burden. Control measures, including deworming programs and public health campaigns, contributed to incidence reduction but require further optimization. Conclusions : Echinococcosis remains a significant public health concern in Moldova, with fluctuating incidence rates and persistent endemicity. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostic strategies, and One Health-based preventive interventions are essential for sustainable control.