Optimal energy management in a microgrid with known power from the grid based on a particle swarm optimisation embedded fuzzy multi-objective approach

The optimal energy management among distributed energy resources (DERs) in a microgrid is pivotal for its satisfactory operation. This paper presents the optimal dispatch of combined heat and power (CHP) units, and a heat boiler is used in a zero bus concept-based microgrid (ZBMG) and grid-connected microgrid (GMG). In ZBMG, the utility exchanges a prescheduled amount of power to the microgrid. In this work, the optimal dispatch of various CHP units and the boiler in all cases under GMG and ZBMG systems with power and heat demand is examined. The generation cost, emission, and energy loss objectives are fuzzified and solved using the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. The results show that minimum objectives are attained in the ZBMG system compared to the GMG system. The analysis is done on 33-bus and 69-bus distribution systems with a 24-hour electrical and heat load profile pattern.