Combined Exercise Methods in Resistance Training: A Brief Review of Acute Responses and Long-Term Adaptations

The purpose of this article was to review and synthesize the scientific literature on the acute effects and long-term adaptations of combined exercise methods (CEM) compared to traditional strength training (TST), with a focus on performance outcomes, physiological responses, strength gains, and muscle hypertrophy. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, BIREME/BVS, and Google Scholar databases using the following search terms: ‘strength training’ OR ‘resistance training’ AND ‘paired-set’ OR ‘bi-set’ OR ‘tri-set’ OR ‘superset’ OR ‘agonist-antagonist’, in various combinations with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. Studies published in English that compared the effects of combined exercise training with traditional resistance training, evaluated acute physiological or performance-related responses, and investigated adaptations following a training period were included in this review. A total of 49 studies were included in this review, comprising 40 acute studies and 9 longitudinal studies. These studies evaluated metabolic and hormonal responses, electromyographic activity, performance outcomes, strength gains, and muscle hypertrophy. Overall, the findings suggest that CEM produce similar or, in some cases, superior responses compared to TST across several parameters. Thus, such methods represent a valuable alternative for athletes and individuals with limited time availability, as they can still promote significant training adaptations.