Single-Step Injection of Gold Nanoparticles through Phospholipid Membranes

We propose and demonstrate a new method of an all-optical, contactless, one-step injection of single gold nanoparticles through phospholipid membranes. The method is based on the combination of strong optical forces acting on and simultaneous optical heating of a gold nanoparticle exposed to laser light tuned to the plasmon resonance of the nanoparticle. A focused laser beam captures single nanoparticles from the colloidal suspension, guides them toward a phospholipid vesicle and propels them through the gel-phase membrane, resulting in the nanoparticle internalization into the vesicle. Efficient resonant optical heating of the gold nanoparticle causes a pore to form in the gel-phase membrane, a few-hundred nanometers in size, which remains open for several minutes.