A different version of industrial policy from those of other Asian newly industrialized economies, limited public participation in R&D activities within the business sector in promoting specific industries in particular, has directed the evolution of Hong Kong's electronics industry along a distinct path. Being predominated by smaller manufacturers, the electronics industry showed great differences in technology attainment, product development, production strategies, and export structure and composition under the influence of a passive industrial policy. The timely opening of the Chinese economy in the late 1970s and the absence of a national identity had provided justification for such a policy.
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Tuan et al. (1995) studied this question.