Potential feedback: Metallic electrodes with controlled gap widths ranging from about 10 nm down to several angstroms (as determined by SEM measurements) can be fabricated electrochemically by using a simple potential feedback system with a unique electrode configuration (see picture). The working principle is based on the potential distribution in the electric double-layer. The process is simple, controllable, and reproducible.
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Xiang et al. (2005) studied this question.
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