Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian finite element analysis of large deformation in contacting bodies

The primary aim of this research is to implement the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element description to model large deformation of interacting bodies. A pure Lagrangian description is often incapable of representing their contact with sufficient precision. In this work, the arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) description has been extended to the surface nodes of interacting bodies to overcome these limitations. A penalty formulation has been implemented to account for the impenetrability constraint. The materials have been characterized as elastic‐viscoplastic. Implicit integration schemes have been used at the global and constitutive levels for'improved stability.