Sea Level Change and Vertical Motion from Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauges and GPS in the Indonesian Region

We investigate the sea level rise in Indonesia during the period 1993–2011 using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. Satellite altimetry indicates a positive sea level rise with mean of 4 mm/yr, which is higher than the global averaged mean sea level rise. At four tide-gauge stations the difference of the sea level trends from tide gauge and co-located satellite altimetry is greater than 3 mm/yr. Land subsidence is found in Jakarta, Surabaya and Benoa. At Enggano and Tanjung Lesung the vertical rates correspond with GPS-derived rates between 2007 and 2009, indicating land subsidence at the first station.