Energy-Aware Intelligent Fuzzy Rule and Encryption-based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), communication security and energy efficiency are the main design issues. Security can be provided using techniques for attack detection, cryptographic encryption and decryption, access control, key management, and trust management. Most of the existing secure routing algorithms focus on handling one method of security. However, a combined approach for security will ensure better security in communication. Hence, a new security model is proposed in this paper based on encryption and trust modelling for providing improved security. In the literature, many secure routing algorithms are present, but they use only one level of security. This article proposes a multi-aspect security model by using trust management and different types of algorithms for data encryption depending on the sensitivity levels of data. For less sensitive data, the sender encrypts the data using the Hill cipher. If the data are medium-sensitive, they are encrypted using the Advanced Data Encryption Standard (AES). Finally, if the data are highly sensitive, the sender uses the Modified Elliptic Curve Cryptography (MECC) for encryption. Finally, one routing algorithm named Fuzzy-Based Encrypted Data Routing Algorithm (FBEDRA) is proposed using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) meta-heuristics with fuzzy rules for secured route discovery in WSN. The main outcomes of the proposed FBEDRA include increased packet delivery rate, security, and throughput, but a reduction in delay and energy usage.