A scanning thermal microscope was used to measure the temperature distribution inside a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The peak temperature occurred at the intersection of the optical axis and the active quantum wells, and increased with input power at a rate of 0.74 °C/mW. Comparison with model predictions showed that the n mirrors and the substrate produce higher heat generation rates, possibly due to Joule heating and/or the absorption of spontaneous emissions that are often neglected in models.
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Luo et al. (1997) studied this question.
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