This paper summarizes the literature on reconciliation of finite element analyses with in-plane bending experiments on piping elbows. It then describes in detail two four-point-bending tests on straight pipes and two in-plane bending tests on elbows and the corresponding nonlinear finite element analyses. Using a new procedure for obtaining a stress-strain curve for stainless steel using only values for E,Sy, and Su and a representative stress-strain curve from a test on a similar material specimen, the nonlinear responses of the piping components tested are shown to be simulated more accurately than previously published results.
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Tan et al. (2002) studied this question.