Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus continues to spread worldwide at an alarming rate.' Once infection with HIV has occurred treatment can only palliate the infec- tious and other complications of HIV disease. The development of an effective vaccine is the focus of much current research but is still awaited, whereas prevention of HIV infection raises numerous problems, and prevention programmes have not so far halted the spread of HIV. Respiratory physicians in all parts of the world will therefore continue to see increasing numbers of HIV infected individuals and to treat the respiratory complications. The purpose of these two update articles, the first of which was published in the last issue (p 305), is to review changes in perspective that have occurred regarding the pulmonary manifestations of HIV disease over the last two years since the series "AIDS and the Lung" appeared in Thorax, and also to highlight areas of importance that were not fully covered in those articles-inevitably selective as this is a wide subject and many changes have occurred, but attempting to focus on areas of particular interest or importance.
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Mitchell et al. (1992) studied this question.