An efficient and reliable constrained genetic algorithm based load flow algorithm is developed. The components and the constraint satisfaction methods in the algorithm are presented. A nodal voltage differential technique and a gradient method are developed to accelerate the solution process in the algorithm. A method for dealing with generator reactive power limits is also developed. The new algorithm can determine multiple load flow solutions and can be used to determine the loadability limits of transmission systems. Its power is demonstrated through its applications to evaluate the loadability of the IEEE 30-, 57- and 118-node systems. Detailed results on the 30-node system are presented.
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Wong et al. (1999) studied this question.
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