Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Uro-Oncology Treatments—A Primer for the Clinician

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Urological cancers. Intervention: Uro-oncology treatments.

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Uro-oncological therapies carry a substantial risk of cardiovascular toxicities, necessitating multidisciplinary cardio-oncology surveillance and management strategies. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Diana-Ligia Pena; Adriana-Mihaela Ilieșiu; Justin Aurelian; Mihai Grigore; Andreea-Simona Hodorogea; Catalina Coriu-Georgescu; Emma Weiss; Elisabeta Bădilă; Viorel Jinga; Ana-Maria Balahura

doi:10.3390/diagnostics16152452

August 3, 2026DiagnosticsOpen Access

Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Uro-Oncology Treatments—A Primer for the Clinician

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Key result

Uro-oncological therapies carry substantial cardiovascular toxicities, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary cardio-oncology care.

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Why the study?

Cardiovascular complications increasingly challenge survivors of urological cancers due to the cardiotoxicity of various antineoplastic therapies.

Key Points

To synthesize current evidence on cardiovascular toxicities associated with urological cancer therapies, clarify underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and establish recommendations for risk stratification, surveillance, and multidisciplinary management.
Conducted a narrative literature search across PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for English-language articles published up to May 2026, with a supplementary search update in July 2026.
Identified and qualitatively synthesized original studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines addressing cardiotoxicity across prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancer treatments without formal systematic protocol screening.
Uro-oncological therapies—including androgen deprivation therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors—are associated with diverse cardiovascular toxicities such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, myocarditis, hypertension, and arrhythmias.
Cardiovascular risk is magnified by the intersection of advanced age, pre-existing cardiometabolic comorbidities, cancer-associated systemic inflammation, and drug-specific toxic mechanisms.
Management frameworks emphasize standardized definitions of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, treatment interruption thresholds for severe abnormalities like QT prolongation exceeding 500 ms, and pre-treatment baseline cardiology evaluations for high-risk patients.

Structured PICO

P

Population

Patients with urological malignancies (including prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers) undergoing antineoplastic treatments.

I

Intervention

Uro-oncological therapies including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

The increasing complexity of cardiovascular care in patients with urological malignancies highlights the critical need for multidisciplinary uro-cardio-oncology collaboration to optimize patient outcomes.

Limitations

Narrative design without a systematic, protocol-driven screening process
No formal PRISMA methodology applied
No dual-reviewer screening or risk-of-bias assessment
No dual-reviewer screening
No risk-of-bias assessment

Implication

May warrant closer cardiovascular monitoring during uro-oncological therapy; leaves open optimal multidisciplinary protocols pending prospective trials.

Abstract

Cardiovascular complications increasingly challenge survivors of urological cancers, given the cardiotoxicity of therapies such as androgen deprivation, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapy. This narrative review addresses the complex crosstalk between urological cancer treatment and cardiovascular disease. It summarizes cardiovascular toxicities linked to major antineoplastic agents, explores underlying mechanisms including metabolic and immune-mediated effects, and proposes strategies for surveillance, diagnosis, and management. Highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration, it outlines future directions for research to optimize cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk population. The increasing complexity of cardiovascular care in patients with urological malignancies highlights the need for closer collaboration between cardiologists, urologists, and oncologists, with uro-cardio-oncology emerging as an important multidisciplinary field.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Pena et al. (2026) conducted a review in Urological cancers. Uro-oncology treatments was evaluated. Uro-oncological therapies, including androgen deprivation therapy and targeted agents, carry a substantial risk of cardiovascular toxicities, necessitating multidisciplinary cardio-oncology care.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a72e7d2226790f3706570ce https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16152452

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Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Uro-Oncology Treatments—A Primer for the Clinician

Figures

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Uro-Oncology Treatments—A Primer for the Clinician

Figures

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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