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Amortized protocol improves verification efficiency in post-quantum cryptographic settings, suggesting practical applications.
MLWE is a fundamental hard problem in post-quantum lattice cryptography. Standard Σ-protocols perform poorly for multiple MLWE statements due to high communication and computation costs. This paper presents an amortized Σ-protocol for MLWE using a lightweight fold-split-fold technique that decomposes norm-bounded error vectors without relying on NTT, MLE, or sum-check protocols. The protocol achieves completeness, special soundness, and non-abort SHVZK with constant-round interaction and lightweight verification. The construction avoids complex tools and provides an efficient batch proof mechanism, offering a simple and practical solution for post-quantum cryptographic applications.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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