Perturbation analysis of MHD Prandtl fluid flow with viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and double diffusion

This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of Prandtl fluid flow over a stretching surface, incorporating viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and double diffusion. Motivated by applications in geothermal systems, nuclear reactors, petroleum extraction, and heat exchangers, the non-Newtonian Prandtl fluid model is used to examine the intricate interplay of these effects. Similarity invariants are employed to transform the governing steady-state boundary layer equations, which are then, solved using a regular perturbation method. Results indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter from 0 to 1.5 reduces velocity by 27.8%, confirming the damping effect of the Lorentz force. Thermal radiation enhances thermal diffusion, raising temperature by 31.5%, while higher Prandtl and Schmidt numbers decrease thermal and concentration profiles by 19.3% and 24.7%, respectively. The findings emphasize the influence of magnetic and diffusive parameters on temperature and concentration distributions, providing valuable insights for the design of advanced thermal systems.