Ethyl acetate fraction of Diaphananthe bidens leaf extract showed immunomodulatory activity in experimental mice models

The ethyl acetate fraction of Diaphananthe bidens leaves was tested in mice for immunomodulatory effects.Specific and non-specific responses to humoral and cellular components of the immune system were evaluated.The mice were observed for 28 days in five groups.Control group 1 received 10 mg/kg Tween 20, while positive control group 2 received levamisole (5.75 mg/kg).Groups 3-5 received D. bidens ethyl acetate fractions at 93, 186, and 372 mg/kg.On day 25, sensitized mice were challenged with sheep red blood cells.An immunostimulatory dose-response assay, haemagglutination titre, and ovalbumin antibody response were used to assess humoral antibody response on day 29.Each group's delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was measured using a digital Vernier calliper.Blood samples were taken to measure the phagocytic index.The sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigenic stimulation induced anti-SRBC immunologic stimulation.Immunostimulation increased dose-dependently (P<0.05) with the ethyl acetate fraction, peaking at 372 mg/kg compared to the reference drug (P<0.05).Ovalbumin-specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a against ovalbumin antigens are also induced by the ethyl acetate fraction of D. bidens.The fraction doses had significant (P<0.05)primary, secondary, and tertiary responses compared to vehicle control groups on the 7th and 14th day post-boost.Due to its dose-dependent DTH response to ovalbumin, ethyl acetate had significant (P<0.05)dose-related effects.The dose-related phagocytosis activities of ethyl acetate were significantly (P<0.05)higher than the vehicle.As it is used for a variety of medicinal purposes, D. bidens' immunomodulatory effects in mice support its folkloric uses.