Curvatures, graph products and Ricci flatness

In this paper, we compare Ollivier–Ricci curvature and Bakry–Émery curvature notions on combinatorial graphs and discuss connections to various types of Ricci flatness. We show that nonnegativity of Ollivier–Ricci curvature implies the nonnegativity of Bakry–Émery curvature under triangle‐freeness and an additional in‐degree condition. We also provide examples that both conditions of this result are necessary. We investigate relations to graph products and show that Ricci flatness is preserved under all natural products. While nonnegativity of both curvatures is preserved under Cartesian products, we show that in the case of strong products, nonnegativity of Ollivier–Ricci curvature is only preserved for horizontal and vertical edges. We also prove that all distance‐regular graphs of girth 4 attain their maximal possible curvature values.