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The present article describes a methodology that allows suitable calculations of the electric field as well as the potentials and current densities due to current in the ground electrode of a HVDC system in any point of nonhomogeneous soils and air media, taking into account the complexities of the problems involved. Results of these variables are shown for the case of a toroidal ground electrode of a HVDC system installed in homogenous and nonhomogenous soils.
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Villas et al. (2003) studied this question.
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