Two independent groups of human subjects (both sexes) received continuous binary feedback plus instructions or instructions alone in a heart rate (HR) slowing task. The results indicated that subjects in both groups decreased HR over time, but there were no salient group differences. This suggests that, at least for HR slowing, feedback is not a powerful controller of the behavior; indeed, the stronger statement that feedback is superfluous in HR slowing tasks seems warranted, but must be qualified since there was not a feedback‐only group. It was suggested that inclusion of a no‐feedback, instructions alone group, is a necessary condition from which to compare the effects of feedback.
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Bouchard et al. (1977) studied this question.
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