Key result
The proposed Model-Free Sliding Mode Controller with a boundary layer achieved fast and smooth heart rate tracking with minimal overshoot (0.0128%) and eliminated chattering in simulation.
Why the study?
It is difficult to derive a suitable model for a control algorithm to regulate heart rate, leading to inefficient performance by traditional control algorithms.
A modified model-free sliding mode controller optimized by a biogeography-based algorithm provides fast, stable, and smooth heart rate regulation in a simulated pacemaker model.
Simulation-only data preclude clinical use; leaves open translation of model-free controllers to heart rate regulation.
A modified Model-Free Sliding Mode Controller (MF-SMC) scheme, which based on the Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm is suggested, to regulate the heart rate since it is difficult to derive a suitable model for the control algorithm, therefore the traditional control algorithm cannot perform efficiently. Also, a smoothing boundary layer is used to eliminate the chattering in the MF-SMC control signal. Results of simulation effort show that overshoot less and fast performance is achieved with stable convergence for the tracking regardless of the heart rate model to be controlled.
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Karam et al. (2019) studied Heart rate regulation (simulation). Model-Free Sliding Mode Controller (MF-SMC) with boundary layer based on BBO algorithm vs. MF-SMC without boundary layer was evaluated on Overshoot (Mp), steady state error (e.s.s), rise time (tr), and settling time (ts). The proposed Model-Free Sliding Mode Controller with a boundary layer achieved fast and smooth heart rate tracking with minimal overshoot (0.0128%) and eliminated chattering in simulation.
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