The gene coding for the β-subunit of the sodium ion translocating ATP synthase from Propionigenium modestum was cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence resembles that of the β-subunits from proton-translocating ATP synthases. The same conserved regions are found in both types of ATP synthases. This is a good indication that the β-subunits of the proton and sodium ion translocating ATP synthases have evolved from a common ancestor.
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Amann et al. (1988) studied this question.