Evolution of the Concept of Information Security: From National Security to Cyberlaw Regulation

In the current context of global digitalisation, the concept of information security has undergone dramatic changes, transforming from a highly specialised area of military and technical defence into a comprehensive interdisciplinary system of legal and technological regulation. This study analyses the key stages of the evolutionary development of approaches to information security over the past decades. Historical analysis shows that the initial understanding of information security was formed in the context of state and national security, when the main focus was on protecting classified information and critical state systems from external threats. The classical paradigm was based on the principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, viewing security mainly through the prism of technical protection and administrative controls. With the development of information and communication technologies and the formation of global cyberspace, the conceptual apparatus and methodological approaches to information security have expanded. The transition to the digital economy has necessitated a revision of traditional concepts and the formation of a new paradigm that takes into account the specifics of the virtual environment, the multi-level nature of threats and the international nature of information processes. The current stage of development is characterised by the formation of cyber law regulation as an independent branch of legal knowledge that integrates elements of information law, international law and technical regulation. This transformation reflects the objective need to create a unified legal framework capable of ensuring effective protection of information resources in the context of cross-border cyber threats and diversity of subjects of information relations. The results obtained indicate the formation of a qualitatively new conceptual model of information security characterised by the integration of technical, legal and organisational aspects of protection into a single system of cyber legal regulation. This evolution reflects the objective patterns of development of the information society and identifies promising areas for improving the mechanisms of security in the digital environment.