Uncovering socioeconomic dynamics: Livelihood strategies and sustainability in traditional agroforestry “Mamar”, West Timor-Indonesia

Communities have various livelihood strategies based on the resources available, which will affect the sustainability of their livelihoods. In reality, socioeconomic dynamics determine the livelihood strategies of the community. This study aims to examine socioeconomic factors and their relationship with the determination of livelihood strategies for livelihood sustainability and provide insights that can be used by policymakers and communities in formulating sustainability strategies. The method used was a survey method with a total of 81 respondents spread across seven villages. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.2.9. The results showed that education of the household head’s spouse, occupation of the household head, and family income, residence, and climate change impacts are indicators that influence the selection of compensatory and diversification livelihood strategies. This research contributes new insights for the development of more inclusive policies.