This study used a recently developed and refined measure of entrepreneurial self-effacacy (ESE) to examine how individuals' assessment of theory entrepreneurial skills is associated with the entrepreneurial intentions and actions from a cross-cultural perspective. It was hypothesized that ESE would have a positive relationship with entrepreneurial intention and action. It was further hypothesized that self-assessed ESE would be higher among individualists than collectivists due to their cultural orientation and social environment in which they are embedded. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. The results strongly supported these hypotheses in both studies.
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Jung et al. (2001) studied this question.