Key result
Computer simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic effect in the aorta successfully reproduced the experimental observation of T-wave enlargement on ECGs under strong magnetic fields up to 20 T.
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This computational model successfully simulates and explains the magnetohydrodynamic effect responsible for T-wave enlargement during MRI, which can interfere with ECG-gated imaging.
This paper addresses a complex multi-physical phenomenon involving cardiac electrophysiology and hemodynamics. The purpose is to model and simulate a phenomenon that has been observed in magnetic resonance imaging machines: in the presence of a strong magnetic field, the T-wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) gets bigger, which may perturb ECG-gated imaging. This is due to a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect occurring in the aorta. We reproduce this experimental observation through computer simulations on a realistic anatomy, and with a three-compartment model: inductionless MHD equations in the aorta, bi-domain equations in the heart and electrical diffusion in the rest of the body. These compartments are strongly coupled and solved using finite elements. Several benchmark tests are proposed to assess the numerical solutions and the validity of some modeling assumptions. Then, ECGs are simulated for a wide range of magnetic field intensities (from 0 to 20 T).
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Martin et al. (2012) studied Magnetohydrodynamic effect on electrocardiograms. Strong magnetic field (0 to 20 T) was evaluated on Simulated ECG T-wave changes. Computer simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic effect in the aorta successfully reproduced the experimental observation of T-wave enlargement on ECGs under strong magnetic fields up to 20 T.
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