Loss of herbicides from ground sprayers

Summary The effect of herbicide spray losses on non‐target areas is reviewed. The parameters governing both exo‐ and endo‐losses of herbicides are delineated and the literature on the processes involved is reviewed. The reported studies of droplet drift and vapour drift are assessed. These reviews are then related to the mathematical models developed to describe the spray loss problem. Recommendations are made as to the areas of research needed to improve the predictions of herbicide losses and their effects.