The properties of sludge formed as a result of coagulation of backwash water from filters removing iron and manganese from groundwater

The standard groundwater treatment technology is a simple, non-chemical reagent technology based on aeration and filtration processes. This treatment technology is resulted in the formation of groundwater treatment sludge (GWTS). Because one of the elements of sustainable development is the possibility of their reuse, that water treatment plant operators are looking for new ways of managing these sludges. At present, not all factors determining the adsorptive capacity of water treatment sludge are known. The explanation why the adsorption capacity of sludge with a similar structure and chemical composition may differ significantly will allow for their wider use as adsorbents. The information which must be known to ensure proper sludge management are the quality, chemical composition and texture characteristics of the GWTS. The sludges were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results showed that the composition and properties of the GWTS depend primarily on the quality parameters of the raw water and the processes and reagents used in its treatment technology. GWTS contains mainly amorphous iron oxides. Sludges are characterized by a large specific surface area (145 m 2 /g). Due to composition and textural parameters, GWTS demonstrates good adsorption properties toward different compounds such as heavy metals and metalloids. In this article, the authors describe the relationship between properties of resulting sludge and the properties of groundwater, the treatment technology and backwash water treatment from rapid filters.