The Crucial Role of Tillage and Nutrient Management in Enhancing Wheat Production

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the second most vital grain globally, underpins food security for the world’s population. The mid-1960s to the present have seen a green revolution driven by high-yielding wheat varieties, improved irrigation, and chemical fertilizers. Despitethese advances, food security in key wheat-producing areas faces threats due to a 50% output disparity and recent yield plateaus. This stagnation, alongside biotic and abiotic stresses and resource depletion, is compounded by nutritional deficiencies, leading to declining productivity, profits, and increased environmental impacts. Addressing these challenges necessitates focusing on nutrient management and tillage practices to maximize yields and maintain soil health. Effective tillage practices enhance soil structure and nutrient availability, while appropriate nutrient management ensures that the crop’s needs are met using both organic and inorganic sources. This review explores the pros and cons of conventional and modern tillage techniques and nutrient management strategies.It assesses how conservation and conventional tillage impact wheat production across various ecological environments globally and highlights the differing nutrient requirements these methods entail. Tailored nutrient management strategies, aligned with specific tillage practices, are essential to overcoming current production barriers and ensuring sustainable wheat cultivation.