The surface core-level shift (SCLS) of the Nb(110) surface has been determined by means of high-resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy of the Nb 3d5/2 core level. A SCLS of 180 +- 15 meV towards higher binding energy with respect to the bulk component was estimated by curve fitting the Nb 3d5/2 core-level spectra taken using several photon energies. The sign of the SCLS agrees with recent ab initio calculations including both initial- and finalstate effects, but the shift is significantly smaller than predicted in these calculations.
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Strisland et al. (1998) studied this question.
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