Robotically controlled microprey to resolve initial attack modes preceding phagocytosis

, macrophages failed to realign their prey, inhibiting uptake. Our 5D-MTS was used as a proof-of-concept study to probe the translational and rotational attack modes of phagocytes with high spatial and temporal resolution, although the system can also be used for a variety of other mechanobiology studies at length scales ranging from single cells to organ-on-a-chip devices.