The transformation of a T4rII helper phage genome by r+DNA in spheroplasts of E. coli has been studied initially by Van de Pol et al. (1961), and was explored further by Alikhanian et al. (1965), Goldberg (1966) and F. A. Bautz (1966). This T4 DNA-transformation system has the unique property that both native and denatured DNA transform with similar efficiencies. The possibility of testing the biological activity of single-stranded DNA provides a unique assay system for enzymatic reactions occurring at the level of a single polynucleotide strand.
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Bautz et al. (1968) studied this question.
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