A single mRNA vaccine dose in COVID-19 patients boosts neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Figures

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  Figure 1. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses (A) Post-infection serum IgG levels in SARS-CoV-2 S and RBD protein. The posterior median decay slope and its 95% credible interval are plotted as black and gray lines, respectively. (B) Pre- (week 0 = before first dose, n = 150 participants) and post-vaccination (week 4 = before second dose, n = 101 participants) as well as HCW control (n = 49) distributions of serum IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 S and RBD proteins. (C) Pre- (week 0; n = 30 participants) and post-vaccination (week 1, n = 30 participants, and week 8, n = 21 participants) distributions of anti-S IgG levels to WT (Wuhan-Hu-1) and VOC lineages Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Each point represents 1 participant colored by COVID-19 severity. ∗: distributions with non-overlapping 95% confidence interval (CI) of group mean effect size estimated using a Bayesian ANOVA model (Table S2). Median with interquartile range is depicted. Areas of binding values below detection limit are shaded in gray.

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  Figure 2. Serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (A) Post-infection serum neutralization levels to SARS-CoV-2. The posterior 2-phase median decay slope and its 95% credible interval are plotted as black and gray lines, respectively. The posterior median transition time point between the 2 phases is indicated as a dashed vertical line. (B) Pre- (week 0 = before first dose, n = 150 participants), post-vaccination (week 4 = before second dose, n = 101 participants), and HCW control (n = 49) distributions of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization. (C) Pre-vaccination (week 0, n = 30 participants) and post-vaccination (week 1, n = 30 participants, and week 8, n = 21 participants) serum neutralization distributions of WT D614G and VOC lineages Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Each point represents 1 participant colored by COVID-19 severity. ∗: distributions with non-overlapping 95% CI of group mean effect size estimated using a Bayesian ANOVA model (Table S4). Median with interquartile range is depicted. Areas of neutralization titers below detection limit are shaded in gray.

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  Figure 3. Predictors of vaccine response (A and B) Joint contributions of participant and clinical factors on post-vaccination serum neutralization titers on weeks 1 (A) and 4 (B) after the first vaccine dose. The mean effects across study participants were estimated using a Bayesian multilevel model. All continuous predictors were mean centered and scaled such that effect sizes shown can be compared on a common scale (sex: male encoded as 0 and female encoded as 1). (C) Distributions of pre- (week 0) and post-vaccination (weeks 1 and 4) in serum neutralization titers of study participants stratified according to time since symptom onset. Each point represents 1 participant colored by COVID-19 severity. ∗: distributions with non-overlapping 95% CI of group mean effect size estimated using a Bayesian ANOVA model (Table S4). Median with interquartile range is depicted. Areas of neutralization titers below detection limit are shaded in gray.