Intercomparison of volcanic gas monitoring methodologies performed on Vulcano Island, Italy

Volcanic gas emissions from fumaroles on the rim of La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Italy, were measured simultaneously using direct sampling (for H 2 O, CO 2 , total sulfur, HCl and HF), filter packs (for SO 2 , HCl, HF) and short‐path active‐mode FTIR measurements (for H 2 O, CO 2 , SO 2 , HCl and HF) in an intercomparison study in May 2002. The results show that Cl/F ratios were in good agreement between all three methods, and that FTIR and direct sampling determined comparable proportions of CO 2 and H 2 O. Amounts of total S observed in direct sampling data were approximately double the amounts of SO 2 measured with filter packs and FTIR. This difference could be attributed either to the fact FTIR and filter packs do not measure reduced sulfur species (e.g., H 2 S) or to sublimation of elemental S upon exit from the fumarole, after collection by direct sampling but before detection with FTIR and filter packs.