Efficient air-stable perovskite solar cells with a (FAI) 0.46 (MAI) 0.40 (MABr) 0.14 (PbI ₂ ) 0.86 (PbBr ₂ ) 0.14 active layer fabricated via a vacuum flash-assisted method under RH > 50%

In this work, we present a new kind of perovskite, (FAI)0.46(MAI)0.40(MABr)0.14(PbI2)0.86(PbBr2)0.14, the vacuum flash-assisted solution processing (VASP) of which can be carried out under relative humidity (RH) higher than 50% in ambient air. The smooth and highly crystalline perovskite showed a maximum PCE of 18.8% in perovskite solar cells. This kind of perovskite was demonstrated to be of good stability in ambient air. Holes and electrons have larger and more balanced diffusion lengths (643.7/621.9 nm) than those in the MAPbI3 perovskite (105.0/129.0 nm) according to the PL quenching experiment. The role of incorporating a large amount of MA+ cations to stabilize the intermediate phase via VASP under high RH is attributed to their better ability to intercalate into the sharing face of the one-dimensional face-sharing [PbI6] octahedra, forming the three-dimensional corner-sharing form. Moreover, hole/electron transfer times at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD (PCBM) interfaces (8.90/9.20 ns) were found to be much larger than those in the MAPbI3 perovskite (0.75/0.40 ns), indicating that there still is enormous potential in further improving the performance of this kind of perovskite solar cell by interfacial engineering.