Review demonstrates bioinspired surface architectures for bubble management in electrochemical systems, indicating routes to higher reaction efficiency.
optimized bubble management. First, we elucidate the fundamental principles of bubble dynamics and their direct impact on reaction efficiency. Subsequently, we explore diverse electrode design strategies derived from biological prototypes, including the development of superaerophilic, superaerophobic, wettability-heterogeneous, and geometry-gradient architectures. Finally, we highlight current challenges and outline future opportunities in this field, aiming to provide both theoretical frameworks and technical guidelines for the advanced design of high-efficiency electrodes.
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Han et al. (2026) studied this question.
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