• A novel protection scheme is proposed for modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal DC (MMC-MTDC) transmission systems. • DC voltage rate, SEDC, LDZC, and transient spectrum energy are integrated to improve fault detection • Local information allows fast, reliable fault detection without remote communication, enhancing speed and reliability. • High fault resistance and noise are handled effectively, ensuring robust performance in challenging conditions. • PSCAD/EMTDC simulations confirm the scheme's effectiveness and robustness under diverse fault conditions. The integration of renewable energy sources has transformed fault characteristics in modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal DC (MMC-MTDC) transmission systems, posing challenges to conventional protection schemes. This paper introduces an advanced protection scheme that leverages local information to address these challenges. The proposed scheme utilizes the DC voltage change rate as the initial criterion, adopts the polarity of single-ended differential current (SEDC) to identify faulted poles, applies the first derivative of DC transient voltage spectrum energy using the generalized S-transform to determine faulted DC lines, and employs local differential zone current (LDZC) to detect AC system faults in converters. A comprehensive MMC-MTDC test system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to evaluate the performance of the protection scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers rapid and reliable fault identification, effectively handling high fault resistance and noise across various fault conditions.
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Tang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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