A total of 74 academically gifted high school students was administered the Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale (MMCS). A principal components analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of the 24 item responses revealed seven interpretable factors. The attributions of ability, effort, context, and luck emerged as well as distinctions between attributions related to academic success or failure. Generally, the evidence supported the factorial validity of the MMCS. However, several limitations of the scale are discussed.
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Powers et al. (1983) studied this question.
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