Why the study?
Recent experimental data indicate sympathetic innervation is an important regulatory factor in pre- and postsynaptic homeostatic plasticity at cholinergic synapses under various conditions.
This review highlights the role of sympathetic regulation in maintaining the efficiency of cholinergic synapses at the neuromuscular junction.
May inform autonomic considerations in respiratory muscle care; leaves open targeted studies in cardiac-neuromuscular overlap.
Reliable functioning of neuromuscular junctions in the respiratory and locomotor muscles is due to the ability of cholinergic synapses to exhibit plasticity under various conditions of the body, including high levels of physical activity, age-related changes, and a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental data obtained in recent decades indicate that sympathetic innervation of neuromuscular junctions is one of the important regulatory factors involved in pre- and postsynaptic homeostatic plasticity. This review examines evidence of the close localization of sympathetic nerve endings and neuromuscular junctions, the effects of sympathectomy, adrenergic receptor activators, and adrenergic receptor blockers on synaptic transmission parameters at the cholinergic synapse, and the importance of sympathetic regulation for maintaining the efficiency of the synapse and the entire neuromuscular preparation.
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Bukharaeva et al. (2025) studied this question.
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